For dimension measurement, a backlight is usually the best starting point. It creates a bright background behind the object, so the camera sees a clear silhouette. This makes it easier to measure shape, position, edges, holes and outside dimensions.
For scratches, edges and surface defects, dark-field lighting is often the better choice. It lights the object from a low angle, making small surface changes stand out more clearly.
For text, colour, labels and product features, the choice depends more on the object shape and surface. A simple ring light or bar light may work well on matte surfaces, while reflective objects often need more controlled lighting such as coaxial or dome lighting.